In the following sections of this paper we present a critical look at IT certification, focused primarily on a U.S. perspective and issues surrounding its use in formal education settings. More specifically, this paper is designed as a research review and will summarize current research surrounding the IT certification in general and in relation to secondary and post-secondary settings, discuss IT literacy and skill standards and their relationship to IT certification programs, review

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... of IT certifications, discuss current and future trends of the IT workforce and implications for certification, describe the partnerships and benefits among vendors and educational institutions, and finally present conclusions and recommendations.