The aim of this paper is to present the unique case of a sealed ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with simultaneous type IIIb endoleak of an endovascular stent, mimicking a paravertebral retroperitoneal tumor. A 75-year-old male was referred to the tumor service of our tertiary orthopaedic department suffering from intractable low back pain with an onset of six months. He had undergone repair of an infrarenal AAA with an endovascular stent 5 years ago. Imaging studies depicted a large

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... roperitoneal mass adjacent to L2 and L3 vertebrae. The stent's metal cage had no signs of wear or migration. The pathology report of a CT-guided core-needle biopsy he had undergone before his referral raised suspicion about possible AAA rupture. CT-angiography confirmed the existence of a ruptured AAA, accompanied by retroperitoneal blood loss and a (possibly) failed stent. The IIIb eroded stent was openly removed and a Ytype allograft was used to repair the defect. The patient reported immediate relief and was uneventfully discharged. He demised 4 years later due to reasons unrelated to the hereby reported condition. Increased awareness is warranted when dealing with anterior lumbar spine or retroperitoneal lesions. A close cooperation between a vascular and an orthopaedic/spine surgeon must always be sought.