This article describes a real-time flash flood forecasting system for small-to medium-sized upland humid catchments where rain on snow might be a factor for flooding. AFFILIATIONS: Broxton and troch-The possible by a Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education, and Training (COMET) grant to couple KINEROS and hsB-SM (S09-75794), as well as financial support during the preparation of this manuscript from a Department of Energy research grant involving the use of hsB in a

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... ution hybrid 3D hydrological model for the NCAR Community Earth System Model (DE-SC0006773). The authors would also like to thank Gustavo A. Carrillo Soto for his knowledge and expertise regarding hsB-SM, as well as others who contributed advice and computer codes used in the model.