To identify miRNA biomarkers of arterial atherosclerosis subtypes in acute ischemic stroke. 40 participants recruited in our hospital from October 2017 to January 2018. There were 12 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), 13 patients with atherosclerosis (AS) and 15 healthy subjects. They were divided into the AIS group, AS group and healthy control (HC) group. The miRNA expression levels of the AIS group, AS group and HC group were measured by DNA microarray. Bioinformatics analysis was

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... formed using the miRNA target prediction database. The expression of 3 miRNAs, miR-129-1-3p, miR-4312, miR-5196-3p, was significantly different between the AIS and AS/HC groups. Genes targeted by miR-129-1-3p were involved in 12 pathways, of which axon guidance, retrograde endocannabinoid signalling and sphingolipid signalling pathways were associated with axonal and synaptic function. miR-129-1-3p mimics significantly decreased cortical neurite length and Runx2 levels, while miR-129-1-3p inhibitors promoted neurite growth and increased Runx2 expression. miR-129-1-3p may be a relevant biomarker for the diagnosis of stroke caused by large artery atherosclerosis and could represent a novel therapeutic target for stroke treatment.