Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are perceived to reside at the top of a hierarchy in which HSCs possess self-renewal capacity and can progressively give rise to all blood lineage cells. Many findings consider calcium signalling as an extrinsic factor and a handful of studies show the direct role of calcium sensor in HSC regulation. We discuss how intracellular calcium (Cai 2 +) pathway regulates and maintains HSC, from the aspect of relevant calcium sensor proteins. In the future, with a

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... tion of advances in single cell technologies, low-input proteomic platform and spatialimaging will be hopeful approaches towards identifying the mechanism of Cai 2+ in HSC maintenance.