The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence and risk factors of vascular access failure among hemodialysis patients. Patients and method: A descriptive exploratory research design was utilized. This study was conducted in dialysis unit at Assiut University Hospital. The study sample consisted of 200 consecutive adult patients attended to dialysis unit at Assiut University Hospital within a period of 6 months their age ranged from 20 to 65 with mean age (40.76±13.24) years. Tools: Tool

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... A patients interview questioner sheet. Tools 2: Risk factors and causes of vascular access failure. Results: Incidence of vascular access failure among hemodialysis patients at Assuit University Hospital in over six month was (34.5%). Their age ranged from 40-65 year. Aging, diabetes, obesity, and infection were the major risk factors for vascular access failure. Conclusion: There was statistical significant relation ship were found between the vascular access failure and duration of dialysis. Recommendation Simple illustrated guidelines about vascular access and risk factors for failure should be available for patients in all dialysis units.