In this work, the effects of climate change on district heating and cooling when the average global temperature rises by 4 °C were assessed by simulation, and adaptation measures toward mitigating these effects were considered. The thermal demand pattern was found to vary with climate change, impacting energy consumption, the economy, and the environment. The following adaptation measures were investigated: seawater thermal cooling (for minimizing the increase in exhaust heat quantity) and the

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... se of heat storage systems (for minimizing the increase in peak load of cold water).