To my family iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my dissertation committee for their patience, Iowa State's Rural Development Initiative for their data set, and the University of Iowa Libraries. iv ABSTRACT This dissertation examines whether men and women in rural local government differ on a number of demographic and attitudinal variables. Using survey data for city council members in rural Iowa, this dissertation used difference of means tests, cross-tabs and multiple regression

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... g (OLS and logistic regression) to compare the responses of male and female town councilors. Scholarship on state legislatures and Congress often find that male and female legislators are different on a number of important demographic and attitudinal variables and many feminists argue that electing more women to office will change the way government institutions work. However, council members are very different from legislators at higher levels of government, and many of the theories developed using data from Congress and state legislators do not apply. Male and female town councilors share many important characteristics and attitudes, with some important exceptions. Women and men in local government are different on many demographic characteristics, in their approach to the delegate-trustee dilemma and regarding the initial motivation to run for office. On occasions where council members disagree with their constituents on policy issues, women are more likely to be politicos than trustees. Female council members were less likely than male council members to run for office because they were interested in addressing a particular issue and more likely to say that they ran for office because they believed there was no good alternative. Several factors contribute to the differences between council members small town Iowa and other types of elected officials in the U.S: the nature of elections and office responsibilities at the local level, and conservative rural politics. v PUBLIC ABSTRACT This dissertation examined men and women in rural local government by analyzing survey data gathered on council members in small Iowa towns. Scholarship on state legislatures and Congress often find that male and female legislators are different on a number of important demographic and attitudinal variables and many feminists argue that electing more women to office will change the way government institutions work. In the context of rural local government, men and women in office share many important characteristics and attitudes, with some important exceptions. Women and men in local government are different on many demographic characteristics, including occupation and marital status. On occasions where council members disagree with their constituents on policy issues, women are more likely to consider following their constituents wishes. Female council members were less likely than male council members to run for office because they were interested in addressing a particular issue. Female council members were more likely to say that they ran for office because they believed there was no good alternative candidate and because someone encouraged them to run. This dissertation also compared the behavior of town council members with the men and women who serve at higher levels of government. Council members are very different from legislators at higher levels of government. Several factors contribute to the differences between council members small town Iowa and other types of elected officials in the U.S: the nature of elections and office responsibilities at the local level, and rural conservativism. vi