As our understanding of infectious diseases, such as coronavirus diseases including, Coronavirus Disease 2019 , as well as human respiratory viral and nonviral diseases, improves, we expect to uncover a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease as it relates to neuroinflammation. This may include associated biomarkers of immune response for neuroinflammation, central nervous system injury, and/or peripheral nervous system injury emitted from the breath and/or odor of an

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... Electronic nose gas sensing technology may have the potential to substantially slow the spread of contagious diseases with rapid diagnostic signal indication for detecting these emitted biomarkers of disease. The biochemistry behind the disease is critical for revealing the target gasses emitted in the breath of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infected individual for the development of such a selective diagnostic screening tool. In this paper, we comprehensively review the evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection involves an inflammatory response mechanism involving the olfactory nerve route in the brain from the nasal canal suggesting potential candidate volatile organic compound target gas biomarkers, forming the breath pattern signature of COVID-19, that may be detected by electronic nose technologies from a breath sample.