Genetic mechanism underlying the parallel evolution of lip thickness in east African cichlids One of the most interesting phenomena describing the evolution of east African cichlids is the occurrence of morphological parallelisms within the context of adaptive radiation. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying morphological parallelism may be of primary importance in recent evolutionary biology. We are now focusing on the fleshy lip, which was evolved independently in each Lake, as a

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... xtbook example of parallel evolution. We constructed a hybrid cross of two Lake Victoria cichlid species, which are distinct in the degree of lip thickness. By using this hybrid cross, we performed a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis to identify the genomic region(s) that affects to the lip thickness. As a result, we detected one major QTL in which the candidate gene encoding one of the major component extracellular matrix proteins exist. We expect that the quantity of the deposition of this protein affect to the lip thickness. Whole-genome Japanese Reference Panel and future directions Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo) has constructed the whole-genome reference panel with 1,070 healthy individuals (1KJPN) who were attending to the prospective cohort project. The 1KJPN contains 21.2 million single nucleotide variants (SNVs) more than half of which are novel. The panel also contains millions insertions and deletions with the similar novelty rate. These genetic information will be an important infrastructure to explore the traits and disease especially for Japanese population and will accelerate the personalized preventive medicine and personalized healthcare in Japan. We have also created the Japanese population scale copy number profiles in genic regions and the level of human leukemia antigen class I region with the full resolution. The presentation describes the process to select 1,070 individuals from the cohort participants in ToMMo, discover the SNVs and short insertion and deletion for the sequenced result to them in the super computer system, and analyze these variants in biological function categories, create the profiles of other structural variants to them. Finally the presentation discuss the next directions with the 1KJPN.