The Nile River is the lifeblood of Egypt. The necessity to rationalize Nile's water uses and protecting from pollution and accidents are urgent issues. Continuous monitoring and utilizing the early warning system (EWS) have become important tools to protect and manage water sources for sustainable development. The aim of this study is to propose and design of an EWS in real-time for Nile's water in Egypt in order to mitigate the water pollution disaster by terrorism and accidents. To achieve

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... s objective, (1) the EWS basic structure regarding risk knowledge, monitoring system, active communication of information, and the plans for readiness and response (case study the Rhine River) are reviewed, (2) the current Nile's water quality monitoring stations, and the challenges that encounter the implementation of the EWS in Egypt are examined, and (3) the proposed EWS is designed and a road map to establish the EWS is identified. The roadmap describes a process in four steps; a start-up by a letter of interest from all concerned ministers, organizational setup, implementation and testing, and continuous improvement. Establishment of a steering committee consisting of the main ministries recruited from the National Council for the protection of the Nile is a necessity as it determines the responsibilities and the corrective actions, and consequently, optimizing the EWS. The current capacity of the laboratories in Egypt is sufficient; only the monitoring program should be changed. The proposed EWS will provide a sufficient information database for the decision-makers in sustainable water management.