We conducted online electronic searches (published manuscripts in English) of the Cochrane Library, pub med and manual searches of selected specialty journals to identify any pertinent literature. The search was conducted using the key words 'celiac disease', 'gluten related disorder', 'non celiac gluten sensitivity', 'wheat allergy', 'gluten', , 'gluten free diet'. Studies not published in English or published only in the abstract form were excluded. We also conducted a focused review of

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... ble references to identify subsequent pertinent papers. Abstract Celiac disease (CD) was the first gluten-related disorder to be described. Presently the realm of gluten-related disorders also includes non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) and wheat allergy (WA). CD is a multisystem immune mediated enteropathy observed in genetically susceptible individuals exposed to dietary gluten present in barley, rye and wheat. Although the prevalence of CD is on the rise, it still largely remains under diagnosed given that many cases can be silent, subtle or atypical. The Pathophysiology of CD includes both innate and adaptive immune response to dietary gluten. Patients present with a wide variety of intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms and are at risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and small intestinal adenocarcinoma. The corner stone for treatment of CD is a gluten-free diet (GFD). NCGS is an emerging condition associated with gluten ingestion and the diagnosis of which is based on exclusion of CD and WA. Further evidence and studies are required to fully appreciate the clinical entity of NCGS and WA to detail its epidemiology and pathogenesis. The symptoms of NCGS and WA may overlap with CD and hence it is imperative to differentiate these clinical entities and select patients for appropriate management.