Following appraisal protocol defined by Kondolf et al. [2011] we evaluated the effectiveness of Yuma East Wetland (YEW) and compared findings to other riparian habitat creation projects along the lower Colorado River. We relied primarily on monitoring data collected by MSCP staff and Fred Phillips Consulting, though we visited all restoration sites to familiarize ourselves with the projects. Because the scale of the projects is so vast (many sites are more than 1000 acres) reliance upon

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... monitoring programs was essential. The results provide a scientifically credible basis to assess effectiveness of past projects, and to develop recommendations to increase effectiveness of MSCP restoration investments in the future.