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Halophilic Methylotrophic Methanogens May Contribute to the High Ammonium Concentrations Found in Shale Oil and Shale Gas Reservoirs
2019
Frontiers in Energy Research
Flow-back and produced waters from shale gas and shale oil fields contain high ammonium, which can be formed by methanogenic degradation of methylamines into methane and ammonium. Methylamines are added to fracturing fluid to prevent clay swelling or can originate from metabolism of the osmolyte triglycinebetaine (GB). We analyzed field samples from a shale gas reservoir in the Duvernay formation and from a shale oil reservoir in the Bakken formation in Canada to determine the origin of high
doi:10.3389/fenrg.2019.00023
fatcat:juzrxcqm6nafhm2zzdrogz3baq