Aim: This study aimed to quantify the effectiveness of bonded Calcium oxide (CaO)-nanoparticles as a demineralisation inhibitor. Methodology: Twelve specimens of enamel were subjected to demineraisation-remineralisation cycles following the application of a bonding agent with or without CaO-nanoparticles. Calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) contents were evaluated utilising energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). An independent sample t-test was performed to examine the statistical difference

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... etween CaO group and control one. Results: The CaO group showed higher Ca wt% (67.59 ± 1.68) than the control group (65.22 ± 0.47) with significant difference (p = 0.017). Conclusion: Application of bonding agent containing CaO-nanoparticles could enhance the enamel resistance against cariogenic challenge.