Anatomical segmentectomy is again under evaluation for the cure of T1a N0 non-small cell lung cancer and carcinoid tumors. Whether anatomical segmentectomy does permit or not, an adequate resection of nodal stations for staging or cure is still pending. Methods: A case-matched study was ruled on patients with peripheral cT1a N0 M0 tumors that underwent anatomical segmentectomy or lobectomy. Dissection of lymph node stations 4, 5, 6, and 7 was identical in anatomical segmentectomy and lobectomy;

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... stations 10, 11, 12, and 13 were also dissected carefully during anatomical segmentectomy. Results: We individually matched 46 (69% men) anatomical segmentectomy with 46 (71% men) lobectomy for age, anatomical segment, and size of the tumor. The median (interquartile range) size of the resected lesions was 1.7 cm (1.35-1.95 cm) in anatomical segmentectomy and 1.6 cm (1.3-1.9 cm) (p ϭ 0.96) in lobectomy. The anatomical segmentectomy and lobectomy resection margins were free of cancer. The median number (interquartile range) of total dissected lymph nodes was 12 (8 -5-14) in anatomical segmentectomy compared with 13 (12-14.5) in lobectomy (p ϭ 0.68), with a number of N1 nodes being 6 (4 -7.5) and 7 (4.5-9.5) (p ϭ 0.43), respectively, and N2 nodes 5.5 (4 -7.7) and 5 (4 -6.5) (p ϭ 0.88). Only 1 patient of 46 (2%) anatomical segmentectomy was N1, whereas in lobectomy, 4% had N1 (2 patients). Freedom from recurrence at 36 months was 100% for anatomical segmentectomy and 93.5% for lobectomy (p ϭ 0.33). Conclusions: Anatomical segmentectomy for cT1a tumors compared with lobectomy procures an adequate number of N1 and N2 nodes for pathological examination. Cancer-specific survival was equivalent at 36 months.