This study examines the effects of the differences between the deep meaning of the native language and the target language on language transfer in the cognitive process of English understanding from the aspects of behavior and cranial nerves. The experimental results show that besides the approximations in linguistic typology that impacts the formation of the cognitive mechanism of foreign language learner in the target language, the deep meaning relationship between the native language and the

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... target language is also an important factor affecting language transfer, which affects the formation of the cognitive mechanism of foreign language learners to the target language. Specifically, English errors with the same meaning as Chinese cause significant N400 effect, while the error sentences with different meaning from Chinese do not cause the same brain potential effect. This study, from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience, supports the interpretation of language transfer by cognitive theory.