Climate change is a complex problem affecting the world in different ways and posing challenges at varying governance levels. It is widely acknowledged that broad stakeholder participation is needed to adapt to increasing climate impacts. However, interactions between stakeholders are complex and not enough is known about the social processes that support stakeholder participation or how to measure its effectiveness. The main goal of this dissertation is to increase the understanding of

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... der participation in addressing climate change problems. Using the State of Maryland (USA) as a case study, I (1) evaluate the magnitude of climate change impacts and map the stakeholder landscape in this region, and (2) I focus on a local participatory process in the eastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay, the Deal Island Peninsula Partnership (DIPP), to study how stakeholder networks facilitate learning and collective action. I found the Chesapeake Bay is experiencing severe impacts from sea-level rise, scientists and state government produce more data and indicators at larger scales, while fewer data are produced at the local level where is needed. Increasingly, participatory approaches are being employed to bridge the knowledge gap between experts, scientists, and local stakeholders. Moreover, I found that DIPP stakeholder views are predicted by their social networks of mutual understanding, respect, and influence. Finally, by modeling the co-evolution of mutual understanding ties, co-attendance, and climate change perceptions, I found that stakeholder participation enables stronger and denser social networks of mutual understanding, yet these ties do not facilitate changes in perceptions. These results suggest that fostering mutual understanding among a diverse group of stakeholders may be more relevant for collective action than changing their perceptions. This dissertation provides empirical evidence that stakeholder participation is important in climate adaptation policies and contributes to the development of measure [...]