Object oriented databases are being widely used in variety applications of industries including telecommunications, banking, manufacturing, insurance, shipping, etc. These applications are characterized by having complex data model. Object databases are very good at storing the complex data model. Many applications can runs efficiently with many concurrent users. Transactions involving complex objects can continue for several hours, or even several days. Longer-duration transactions need to use

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... different set of protocols from those that are used in traditional database applications where duration of transactions is very short. The purpose of this paper is to explore various techniques that can be used in object oriented databases to achieve high concurrency.