The problems that are common in a distribution network can become more serious in long distribution networks due to the increased complexity of the system. In order to overcome such problems, network models should take into consideration the characteristics that are more representative of long distribution networks. This paper reviews existing studies related to the use of long distribution network models that include two-stage and three-stage distribution networks. In addition to highlighting

more »

... ome of the key elements associated with the development of models, this paper examines the techniques that can be used to optimise them. This paper stresses the need to consider important information in the process of developing a long distribution network model that takes into consideration the problems that are inherent in long distribution networks. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for future research in this field.