To explore the relationship between serum sB7-H3 and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and to evaluate the development of Mycoplasma pneumonae pneumonia (MPP) through analysis of the expression levels of above indices in serum of children with MPP. An experimental study. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China, from January 2018 to August 2019. One hundred and eight children with MPP were divided into severe MPP group (53 cases) and mild MPP group (55

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... according to children's condition. Fifty children who received hernia or selective operation due to redundant prepuce were included in control group. Serum sB7-H3, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were compared. Serum sB7-H3, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in MPP group were higher than those in control group (all p<0.001); above indices in severe MPP group were higher than those in mild MPP group (all p<0.001). Pearson's linear correlation analysis results revealed that sB7-H3 had positive correlation with TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in MPP group (r=0.986, p<0.001; r=0.987, p<0.001; and r=0.991, p<0.001, respectively). Detection of SB7-H3, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels may be conducive to early diagnosis of MPP and the judgement of the severity of this disease.