ʿArabic literary criticism went through important phases from the Ignorance (Jāhiliyya) period to the 5th century AH (1009 AD), and poetry took a higher place than prose in ʿArabic literary criticism. During the Ignorance period, which is the oldest known history of ʿArabic literature, improvised literary criticism for grammatical errors and sometimes wrong words changed with the advent of Islām, and religious criteria and principles played an important role in literary criticism in the first

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... riod of Islām. In this period, the ʿArabic language became more fluent and subtle by uniting around the Quraysh dialect with the effect of the style and expression of the Qurʾān, and the ʿArabs united around Islām. The Umayyad calīphs and their rulers, who opened their doors to poets during the Umayyad period, supported ʿArabic poetry and combined their perspectives on poetry in the Ignorance and early Islamic period. During the Abbāsid period, from the 3rd century AH (816 AD), individual literary criticism books were written, and certain rules were set in ʿArabic literary criticism, and a century later, in the 4. century AH (m. 913), traditionalist, innovative and conciliatory schools emerged in ʿArabic literary criticism.