This is chapter 02-12 of the proceedings of the meeting "2009 Monitoring Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies" held 21-23 September, 2009 in Tucson, Arizona. Pages 379-388. The full proceedings document is current available on https://www.osti.gov/biblio/992203.The abstract of this chapter is as follows:We have adapted matched field processing—a method developed in underwater acoustics to detect and locatetargets— to classify transient seismic signals arising

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... rom mining explosions. Matched field processing, as we applyit, is an empirical technique, using observations of historic events to calibrate the amplitude and phase structure ofwavefields incident upon an array aperture for particular repeating sources. The objective of this project is todetermine how broadly applicable the method is and to understand the phenomena that control its performance.We obtained our original results in distinguishing events from ten mines in the Khibiny and Olenegorsk miningdistricts of the Kola Peninsula, for which we had exceptional ground truth information. In a cross-validation test,some 98.2% of 549 explosions were correctly classified by originating mine using just the Pn observations (2.5-12.5Hz) on the ARCES array at ranges from 350 – 410 kilometers. These results were achieved despite the fact that the mines are as closely spaced as 3 kilometers. Such classification performance is significantly better than predicted by the Rayleigh limit. Scattering phenomena account for the increased resolution, as we make clear in an analysis of the information carrying capacity of Pn under two alternative propagation scenarios: free-space propagation and propagation with realistic (actually measured) spatial covariance structure. The increase in information capacity over a wide band is captured by the matched field calibrations and used to separate explosions from very closely-spaced sources. In part, the improvement occurs because the calibrations enable coher [...]