fetal cranial growth measures from <14 weeks' gestation, five fetal trajectories were identified, subsequently associated with specific neurodevelopmental, behavioural, visual, postnatal morbidity and anthropometric measures at birth and at age 2 years (n=3598). Trajectories reflecting early faltering or accelerating fetal head circumference growth changed within a 20-25 week gestational age window and were associated with developmental scores at 2 years in a mirror (positive/negative) pattern,

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... mostly focused on maturation of cognitive, language and visual skills. 3 Additionally, analysis of the 1381 preterm infants born within this cohort identified eight aetiologically-based preterm phenotypes, which were associated with markedly different neonatal morbidity, child growth and developmental profiles at age 2. These findings confirm that in early life: (1) within-population variability for skeletal growth and neurodevelopment is far greater than that among-populations when health and nutritional needs are met, and (2) epidemiological patterns between un-selected populations are largely environmentdriven, expressed by phenotypes and exposotypes with differential risk profiles. The Project has also constructed, for the first time, a set of international standards to monitor human growth and development from early pregnancy to age 2, to facilitate unified clinical care and research (https://inter-growth21.tghn.org/standards-tools/).