After witnessing the Eichmann trial, Hannah Arendt realized that it is a misconception that the occurrence of international crimes (and evil) mostly implicates the work of people with evil motives. For this reason, she developed a new form of criminal liability that falls between the two forms of liability of traditional criminal law. By analysing and emphasising the role of the 'hanger-on' criminal, Arendt became convinced that, when international crimes take place, besides evil intentions or

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... ulpable negligence, also thoughtlessness should establish personal criminal liability for them, since when evil occurs without reflection upon it, it can spread limitlessly. Within this theory, each person participating in a bureaucratic institution that is part of a totalitarian regime should be held personally responsible. Although never implemented in practice, this way of reasoning is an interesting contribution to the thinking on international criminal law.