CNS traumas and tumors are major health problems. They lead to serious health and economic burdens. They are major causes of disability, or death all over the world. Nowadays, the order of causes of trauma-related death has beenchanged from multiorgan affection to CNS trauma. Assessment of severity and predicting the outcome in a patient with a head, or spinal cord injury, is a must. Most of severity assessment scales depend on the clinical data of the patient. Using of biochemical, and genetic

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... markers that have correlations with severity and outcome in CNS trauma is necessary ofand helpful in clinical field. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 is an enzyme that is present in the cytoplasm of neurons, and forms about to 1–2% from the proteins found within the human brain, and it is supposed to be a promising biomarker in neurological diseases especially trauma. Neuroglobin (Ngb), is a protein which is distributed mainly in central and peripheral nervous systems, and it has neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress. It is an important biomarker in neurological trauma and tumors.CNS tumors have psychological burden beside their health and economic effects as they may affect personality and both physical and cognitive independence. Various types of mutations have a role in pathogenesis of CNS tumors. Isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme isoform 1 (IDH1) mutations are frequently identified in primary CNS tumors. Aim of this review: is to give an overview about neurological trauma and tumors as being major health problems, and to spot light on biochemical and genetic markers of promising role as regard pathogenesis, diagnosis, or prognosis of such disorders, with more details about UCHL-1, Ngb, and IDH1.