This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Calvital ® , which is a calcium hydroxide formulation, on persistent apical periodontitis caused by over-enlargement of the apical foramen. The study included patients referred to the Department of General Dentistry at Tokyo Dental College Suidobashi Hospital on a diagnosis of persistent apical periodontitis at an external dental clinic. Of them, 20 showing considerable enlargement of the apical foramina were included in the study. Complete

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... pearance of symptoms was observed in all patients after intracanal application of Calvital ® . We believe that this was due to effective wound-healing brought about the strong alkaline nature of this formulation. We regard Calvital ® as a highly effective agent for root canal treatment of teeth with persistent apical periodontitis.