This is a study of 380 grade children, in twelve grades, all of the Edgewood Public School. The method is one of comparison based on teachers' estimates of certain traits of character enumerated in Table I . There is no attempt to take into account native ability. Conditions for the study are favorable for the following reasons: (i) Edgewood is a residence town having an unusually even class of children-all come from good homes, all have intelligent parents; (2) the kindergarten children are

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... from more favored homes than the non-kindergarten; (3) the kindergarten has been established for sixteen years; (4) the kindergarten instruction has been good. For seven years it has been directed by the present recently elected assistant supervisor of the Pittsburgh kindergartens. To save space in the tables and to avoid repetition, K in this paper signifies kindergarten children, NK, non-kindergarten. In obtaining the materials for the study, a form similar to Table I was given to each teacher. They were asked to write in the first column the names of their pupils and to grade them in each of the seventeen qualities as conscientiously as possible. No teacher knew that the study had anything to do with kindergartens. The forms were collected and afterward the kindergarten children were marked with a star. No prejudice on the part of a teacher with regard to kindergarten could affect the result as they had no idea of the purpose of the classification. The report from each school was summarized as at the bottom of Table I . Under column i, self-confidence, the average of the K is 1.9; of the NK is 2. The smaller number of course denotes 543 This content downloaded from 080.082.