The article deals with the political situation of the South Caucasus, including Azerbaijan, with the "establishment" of Soviet power in the region, based on archival documents. The territorial claims of the neighboring republic, which continue to this day, force us to once again turn to the history of the formation of the NagornoKarabakh Autonomous Oblast. The purpose of the article is not to incite ethnic hatred, but rather to call on the Armenians to peaceful cohabitation and give up groundless territorial claims against their neighbors.