A copy of this work was available on the public web and has been preserved in the Wayback Machine. The capture dates from 2020; you can also visit the original URL.
The file type is application/pdf
.
A successful management of sever gummy smile using gingivectomy and botulinum toxin injection: A case report
2018
International journal of surgery case reports
INTRODUCTION: A gummy smile (GS) affects the esthetic and the psychological status as it usually decreases the self-confidence leading to hidden or controlling the smile. A smile with more than 2 mm exposed gingiva is called gummy smile. It may be due to one or more of the following etiologies; altered passive eruption of teeth, dentoalveolar extrusion, vertical maxillary excess, and short or hyperactive lip muscles. The treatment of gummy smile should be planned according to its cause/causes.
doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.11.055
pmid:29248835
pmcid:PMC5985251
fatcat:gtjm5ldp7vfkzkxgliz5da4wha