The ultimate goal of the EEG-fMRI analysis in refractory focal epilepsy is the precise localization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) to facilitate successful surgery. Many studies have shown that simultaneous EEG-correlated fMRI analysis can identify fMRI voxels which covary with the timing of interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) assessed on EEG. However, this type of analysis often does not reveal a single focus but an extensive epileptic network. In this paper we investigate whether parallel

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... ndependent component analysis (ICA), a data-driven, symmetric integration approach can disentangle this network. We assume that ICA of EEG and ICA of fMRI will reveal different temporal and spatial aspects of this network, respectively. We hypothesize that by matching these different epilepsy-related EEG and fMRI components, we can get a deeper insight in the neural processes this extensive network represents. We tested parallel ICA on 12 refractory epilepsy patients with good surgical outcome. Our results show that parallel ICA has an added value, as it can help the interpretation of the GLM results and pinpoint the EZ. Furthermore, it might help to understand how the various aspects of epileptic activity are reflected in EEG and fMRI.