In Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network (UASN), routing and propagation delay is affected through various water column environment effects in each node such as temperature, salinity, depth, gases, divergent and rotational wind. High sound velocity increases the transmission rate of packets and high dissolved gases in the water environment increase sound velocity. High dissolved gases and sound velocity environment in water column provide high transmission rates among UASN nodes. In this paper,

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... Modified Mackenzie Sound equation calculates sound velocity in each node for energy-efficient routing. Golden Ratio Optimization Method (GROM) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) predict propagation delay of each node in UASN from dataset which consists of Mackenzie Sound equation calculated sound velocity based on temperature, salinity, depth, dissolved gases. Dissolved gases, rotational and divergent winds, and stress play major problems in UASN, increases propagation delay and energy consumption. Predicted values from GPR and GROM lead to node selection and among selected nodes Corona Virus Optimization Algorithm (CVOA) routing is performed. The proposed GPR-CVOA and GROM-CVOA algorithm solves the problem of propagation delay and consumes less energy in nodes based on appropriate tolerant delays in transmitting packets among nodes during high rotational and divergent winds. From simulation results, CVOA Algorithm performs better than traditional DF and LION algorithms.