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The Origin and Shaping of Planetary Nebulae: Putting the Binary Hypothesis to the Test
2009
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Planetary nebulae (PNe) are circumstellar gas ejected during an intense mass-losing phase in the the lives of asymptotic giant branch stars. PNe have a stunning variety of shapes, most of which are not spherically symmetric. The debate over what makes and shapes the circumstellar gas of these evolved, intermediate mass stars has raged for two decades. Today the community is reaching a consensus that single stars cannot trivially manufacture PNe and impart to them non spherical shapes and that a
doi:10.1086/597765
fatcat:y2d33jijljdyxbesjluaubn74u