Known as the Early Journal Content, this set of works include research articles, news, letters, and other writings published in more than 200 of the oldest leading academic journals. The works date from the mid--seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries. We encourage people to read and share the Early Journal Content openly and to tell others that this resource exists. People may post this content online or redistribute in any way for non--commercial purposes. Read more about Early Journal

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... ntent at http://about.jstor.org/participate--jstor/individuals/early-journal--content. JSTOR is a digital library of academic journals, books, and primary source objects. JSTOR helps people discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content through a powerful research and teaching platform, and preserves this content for future generations. JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not--for--profit organization that also includes Ithaka S+R and Portico. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. -8irepresented several societies and institutions, and some were reported to have as many as eleven and twelve votes each, and three to seven votes was not unusual. However, the proportions remained about the same and the preponderance of votes rested with the Germans and Austrians. The first session was devoted to preliminaries of organizing, and it was decided to postpone consideration of all questions pertaining to fossil plants and to the mosses and thallophytes until the next Congress, and that they be referred to a special commission to report in igio at Brussels. Six meetings were held, all well attended, and the results reached have been characterized "as conservative but progressive." The priority of the specific name was adopted but the oldest generic name met with strong opposition and a list of four hundred exceptions, with the possibility of future additions and corrections, was adopted by vote of II8 to 37. Another surprising decision, that after January, I908, all descriptions of new species must be accompanied by a short diagnosis in Latin, was adopted by a vote of I25 to 56. Several remarkable things happened during the sessions, one of which was the first attempt to use an evident majority by putting to vote without discussion, the first fifty-two articles of the code. This met with such strong opposition that it was abandoned, and the articles were each voted on separately. The most sensational feature was the protest by Dr. Otto Kunze against its methods, representation, votes, decisions and recommendations of the commission. This was printed in three languages, and on the fourth day Dr. Kunze appeared in person and was listened to for ten minutes, while he read his protest. When the allotted time expired he was called to order and took his leave. He characterized the methods as dishonest, and stationed men at the door of the offices of the Congress to distribute his circular. It was rather surprising to see how calmly the members accepted his criticisms and how strongly the majority felt as a reaction against his procedure. It was evident, however, that European botanists have not begun to understand the principal of generic types, nor the absurdity of an arbitrary list of exceptions. The hope has been expressed that the Vienna Code will be followed until something better is accepted, but it seems evident that English botanists are likely to follow the Kew Rule and Kew Index, and that newer American School will not give up a definite set of principles for arbitrary exceptions. New York Botanical Garden. LICHENOLOOY FOR BEGINNERS--II. FREDERICK LEROY SARGENT. (Begun in May, 1905, issue.) Once set free and in the presence of sufficient moisture, air, and warmth, the spores germinate by sending out one or more tubular projections (rudimentary hyphae) which branch and elongate until the food-supply stored in the spore is exhausted. Then if they do not come in contact with Algae, -8i-