This paper presents an image reconstruction method for positron-emission tomography (PET) based on a penalized, weighted least-squares (PWLS) objective. For PET measurements that are precorrected for accidental coincidences, we argue statistically that a least-squares objective function is as appropriate, if not more so, than the popular Poisson likelihood objective. We propose a simple data-based method for determining the weights that accounts for attenuation and detector efficiency. A

more »

... tive successive over-relaxation (SSOR) algorithm converges rapidly to the global minimum of the PWLS objective. Quantitative simulation results demonstrate that the biashariance tradeoff of the PWLSSSOR method is comparable to the maximumlikelihood expectation-maximization (ML-EM) method (but with fewer iterations), and is improved relative to the conventional filtered backprojection (FBP) method. Qualitative results suggest that the streak artifacts common to the FBP method are nearly eliminated by the PWLSSSOR method, and indicate that the proposed method for weighting the measurements is a significant factor in the improvement over FBP.