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... ¤ÑÔÒÑAEÚËÍÑÄ ËÐÇÌÐÑÇ ÄÊÂËÏÑAEÇÌÔÕÄËÇ àÎÇÍÕÓÑÏÂÅÐËÕÐÞØ ÄÑÎÐ Ä ÒÎÂÄÐÑÐÇÑAEÐÑÓÑAEÐÞØ ÐÇÑAEÐÑÏÇÓÐÞØ ÔÓÇAEÂØ ÓÂÔÔÏÂÕ-ÓËÄÂÇÕÔâ ÍÂÍ ÒÓÑâÄÎÇÐËÇ ÒÑÎâÓËÊÂÙËÑÐÐÑÅÑ ÄÞÓÑÉAEÇÐËâ ÓÇÛÇÐËÌ ÖÓÂÄÐÇÐËÌ ®ÂÍÔÄÇÎÎÂ. £ÞâÔÐÇÐÑ, ÚÕÑ ÔÂÏÑ ÐÂÎËÚËÇ ÒÑÎâÓËÊÂÙËÑÐÐÑÅÑ ÄÞÓÑÉAEÇÐËâ AEÄÖØ ÐÑÓÏÂÎßÐÞØ ÄÑÎÐ ÐÂÍÎÂAEÞÄÂÇÕ ÔËÎßÐÞÇ ÑÅÓÂÐËÚÇÐËâ РÍÑÏÒÑÐÇÐÕÞ AEËàÎÇÍÕÓËÚÇÔÍÑÅÑ ÕÇÐÊÑÓ ÔÓÇAEÞ Ä ÑÃÎÂÔÕË à××ÇÍÕËÄÐÑÅÑ ÄÊÂËÏÑAEÇÌÔÕÄËâ. ¿ÕÑ ÒÑÊÄÑÎËÎÑ AEÂÕß ÖÐËÄÇÓÔÂÎßÐÖá ÍÎÂÔÔË×ËÍÂÙËá ÄÑÊÏÑÉÐÞØ ÕËÒÑÄ ÄÊÂËÏÑAEÇÌÔÕÄËâ ÄÑÎÐ Ë ÔÑÑÕÄÇÕÔÕÄÖáÜËØ ÄÑÎÐÑ-ÄÞØ ÖÓÂÄÐÇÐËÌ, ÐÇ ÊÂÄËÔâÜÖá ÑÕ ÍÑÐÍÓÇÕÐÑÌ ÏÑAEÇÎË ÎËÐÇÌÐÑÌ ÔÓÇAEÞ. The linear interaction of electromagnetic waves in weakly inhomogeneous non-one-dimensional media is considered as a manifestation of the polarization degeneracy of Maxwell's equations. It is shown that the very presence of two polarization-degenerate normal waves places strong constraints on the dielectric tensor components near the interaction region. This results in that the possible types of linear wave coupling and corresponding wave equations can be classiéed in a universal manner, i.e., independent of the way in which the linear medium is modeled.