ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Objective: Genome-wide analysis was used to screen differentially expressed genes after mild hypothermia treatment (MHT), and cluster analysis was performed to screen out and validate the target genes or pathways related to MHT in brain cortex of cardiac arrest rats after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Methods: Healthy adult male Wistar rats were induced ventricular fibrillation (VF) and CPR was performed after VF for 7 min. The rats were randomly divided into

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... RT1 (36.5-37.5 ℃ ) and CPRT2 group (33.5-34.5 ℃). Three rats in each group were randomly sacrificed after ROSC for 2 hours, and cerebral cortex samples were taken to extract total RNA. RNA purification, amplification, and hybridization reaction with mouse whole gene chip to detect Differentially expressed genes which were further revalidated with realtime quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and Weston blot at 2h, 4h and 8h. Neurologic deficit score and TUNEL staining were assessed at 72 h after ROSC. Results: MHT improved the NDS of rats and decreased the apoptotic cells in the cortex rat after ROSC for 72 hours. The genes associated with hypothermia and showing significant differential expression were p21, SFN, GADD45, BDNF, c-fos, HSP72, c-JUN, Nur77, CXCL2, CCL3, IL4 and TSLP. The MAPK signaling pathway, the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway and the P53 signaling pathway showed significant changes revalidated by qPCR and Weston blot. Conclusion: Mild hypothermia exerts brain protections by affecting MAPK-associated inflammatory response, P53 apoptotic pathway and the cytokine receptor pathway after ROSC in rats.