Heart failure is a common, highly morbid cardiovascular disorder associated with perturbations in cardiac structure and function; culminating to the failure of heart to meet up the perfusion demand of peripheral tissues. Incidence of heart failure is gradually increasing. It is nearly as common as diabetes in older adults, occurring in 2 % of the adult population and rising to 3 % in adults over 75 years age. About 35 % of these patients hospitalize annually and 50 % die within 5 years. 1 For

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... dividuals more than 40 years, the lifetime risk of developing heart failure has been estimated to about 20 % for both sexes. The incidence of heart failure is highest in peoples older than 65 years. This segment of population is growing rapidly, ensuring an epidemic of heart failure that will continue to grow as the population ages. 2 According to Boon et al. 3 the prevalence of heart failure raises from around 1 % in the age group 50-59 years to about 5-10 % among those aged 80-89 years. The most common cause of heart failure is the ischemic heart disease. Due to the seminal improvement in diagnosis and treatment of patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in recent past, more patients are now surviving ACS than in previous decades and are left at risk for development of heart failure. 4 Half of patients carrying a diagnosis of HF die within 4 years and in patients with severe HF more than 50 % die within 1 year. 5 So heart failure is a dreadful condition as far as prognosis is concerned. Good management of heart failure depends on early accurate etiological diagnosis partly because in some situation a specific remedy is available but mainly because a clear understanding of pathophysiology is essential to logical drug therapy. 3 The classic symptoms of heart failure (e.g. Fatigue, cough, dyspnea, orthopnea, pulmonary edema, Abstract: Background: Accurate diagnosis of heart failure (HF) is essential for its proper management and logical drug therapy to reduce morbidity and mortality. On this perspective researcher are in search of a good biomarker as complementary to the clinical parameters to improve the performance of HF diagnosis. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) secreted by cardiac ventricles in HF has emerged as a new promising biomarker in this regard.