Today, a large number of audio features exists in audio retrieval for different purposes, such as automatic speech recognition, music information retrieval, audio segmentation, and environmental sound retrieval. The goal of this paper is to review latest research in the context of audio feature extraction and to give an application-independent overview of the most important existing techniques. We survey state-of-the-art features from various domains and propose a novel taxonomy for the

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... tion of audio features. Additionally, we identify the building blocks of audio features and propose a scheme that allows for the description of arbitrary features. We present an extensive literature survey and provide more than 200 references to relevant high quality publications.