The paper discusses the activities ofKemerovoregion militia departments in the sphere of overcoming children's homelessness and neglect in 1943 – 1953. The author found the cause that created homelessness and neglect in the region during the war and the early postwar years. The interaction of the Party and Soviet bodies with militia agencies to seize the homeless from the streets ofKemerovoregion settlements is identified. The measures of social support for children and adolescents who were

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... without parents and relatives are revealed. The author shows some statistics about the state of juvenile delinquency, as well as the number of children and adolescents placed in special educational institutions and employed on a variety of industrial and agricultural enterprises ofKemerovoregion. Attention is paid to problems arising in orphanages and schools of professional education for the homing and education of children and adolescents. The paper provides examples of administrative penalties and other measures applied by the militia in relation to parents and other legal representatives for the improper performance of their duties for the care and supervision of minor children. The study used the documents of the several funds of the State archive ofKemerovoregion, a number of which is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.