THE WATER VAPOR SPECTRUM OF APM 08279+5255: X-RAY HEATING AND INFRARED PUMPING OVER HUNDREDS OF PARSECS

C. M. Bradford, A. D. Bolatto, P. R. Maloney, J. E. Aguirre, J. J. Bock, J. Glenn, J. Kamenetzky, R. Lupu, H. Matsuhara, E. J. Murphy, B. J. Naylor, H. T. Nguyen (+2 others)
2011 Astrophysical Journal Letters  
We present the rest-frame 200--320 spectrum of the z=3.91 quasar , obtained with Z-Spec at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. In addition to the to CO rotational transitions which dominate the CO cooling, we find six transitions of water originating at energy levels ranging up to 643 K. Most are first detections at high redshift, and we have confirmed one transition with CARMA. The CO cooling is well-described by our XDR model, assuming L_ 1-100 keV∼1×10^46 erg s^-1, and that the gas is
more » ... ributed over a 550-pc sizescale, per the now-favored μ=4 lensing model. The total observed cooling in water corresponds to 6.5×10^9 , comparable to that of CO. We compare the water spectrum with that of Mrk 231, finding that the intensity ratios among the high-lying lines are similar, but with a total luminosity scaled up by a factor of ∼50. Using this scaling, we estimate an average water abundance relative to of 1.4×10^-7, a good match to the prediction of the chemical network in the XDR model. As with Mrk 231, the high-lying water transitions are excited radiatively via absorption in the rest-frame far-infrared, and we show that the powerful dust continuum in is more than sufficient to pump this massive reservoir of warm water vapor.
doi:10.1088/2041-8205/741/2/l37 fatcat:2nk2wf2p35f4bhwjjnixcrvbra