Syntactic liars

B. H. Slater
2002 Analysis  
The difficulty with syntactic liars is that there would seem to be very good reason to identify the thing said which is true with the thing said which is false. Natural language does allow consistent semantic closure, once we investigate indirect speech further, and so see that there can be no general 1-1 correspondence between speech and meaning.
doi:10.1093/analys/62.2.107 fatcat:z5twgpkjrzblfpt5rik3k5wkou