Dense phase CO 2 (DPCD) is a non-thermal technology that can inactivate certain micro-organisms and enzymes at temperatures low enough to avoid the thermal effects of traditional pasteurization. This technology has been investigated over the past 50 years, particularly in the past 2 decades, and its effects on vegetative cells and spores of various microorganisms including pathogens, spoilage bacteria, yeasts, and molds, and various enzymes of importance to foods have been demonstrated. Many

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... uid foods retained fresh-like sensory, nutritional, and physical properties after DPCD treatment along with some solid foods. This paper is a review of mechanisms of microbial reduction, enzyme and spore inactivation, DPCD treatment systems and examples of applications with effects on quality attributes.