A new species of Archisotoma Linnaniemi, 1912 is described and illustrated based on material from littoral sand of Praia do Sossego beach, Niterói municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The new species Archisotoma arariboia sp.nov., the second of the genus described from Brazil, can be distinguished from its congeners by a set of characters: 6+6 eyes, maxillary capitulum unidentate and subequal to internal lamellae, 10 posterior chaetae on manubrium, 4–5 chaetae between the anterior

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... othria and lastly by 1 thick and curved chaetae on trochanter and femur of leg III and 1–2 on femur and 1–2 on tibiotarsus of leg I.