Nowadays, manual therapy (MT) is used in treating LBP. However, the evidence of its effectiveness is inconclusive. Objectives To identify the effect of MT on pain, physical function, disability, QOL, and psychological aspects for the elderly with chronic LBP. Methods Electronic searching between the years 2012-2022 was used to retrieve articles. The assessment for quality used McMaster Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies. Findings Only 3 articles met the inclusion criteria.

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... s MT effectively improves pain, physical function, disability, QOL, and psychology among the elderly with LBP. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to gain robust evidence for clinical practice. Keywords: Low back pain; manual therapy; elderly eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i21.3732