XY -simulation is a generalization of bisimulation that is parameterized with two subsets of actions. XY -simulation is known in the literature under different names such as modal refinement, partial bisimulation, and alternating simulation. In this paper, we propose a precongruence rule format for XY -simulation. The format allows for checking compositionality of XY -simulation for an arbitrary language with structural operational semantics, by performing very simple checks on the syntactic

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... pe of the rules. We apply our format to derive concrete compositionality results for different notions of behavioral pre-order with respect to different process calculi in the literature.