A novel actinomycete strain, designated YIM 75904 T , was isolated from a soil sample that had been collected from a dry and hot river valley in Dongchuan county, Yunnan province, southwestern China. The taxonomic position of the novel strain was investigated by a polyphasic approach. In phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain YIM 75904 T formed a distinct clade within the genus Amycolatopsis and appeared to be closely related to Amycolatopsis sacchari K24 T (99.3 %

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... ce similarity). Strain YIM 75904 T had a type-IV cell wall, with no detectable mycolic acids, and had MK-9(H 4 ) as its predominant menaquonine. Its cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose, glucose and arabinose, and its major cellular fatty acids were iso-C 16 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 17 : 0 and anteiso-C 15 : 0 . The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.5 mol%. Based on the results of physiological and biochemical tests and DNA-DNA hybridizations, strain YIM 75904 T represents a novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis for which the name Amycolatopsis dongchuanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 75904 T (5CCTCC AA 2011016 T 5JCM 18054 T ). In the course of research on actinobacterial sources, we obtained many novel isolates from a dry and hot river valley in Dongchuan county, which lies in Yunnan province, in south-western China. The aim of the present study was to determine the taxonomic status of one of these isolates, 3These authors contributed equally to this work.