Against the testimony of these few benighted medical men are the laboratories for animal experimentation connected with medical schools, hospitals, boards of health, government bureaus and privately endowed institutions for research. Against them also are all the means taken by governmental authorities for the preser¬ vation of public health means based almost directly on the results of animal experimentation. Against them also is the overwhelming conviction among enlightened physicians and

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... eons that animal experimentation has been and must continue to be of the utmost impor¬ tance to the advancement of medicine. The recent International Medical Congress (in Lon¬ don, 1913), composed of representatives from the entire civilized world, passed with only one dissenting vote (that of a woman physician) the following resolution: Resolved, That this congress records its conviction that experiments on living animals have proved of the utmost service to medicine in the past, and are indispensable to its future progress.