Edraianthus pumilio is stenoendemic plant native to Dalmatia, Croatia. This paper deals with its phytochemical and biological profile. Phytochemical profile of volatile oil was performed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), while total phenolic content of its aqueous extract was performed by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The phytochemical analysis showed that the main volatile oil compounds were nonanal (21.2%) and myristicin (16.4%). This oil could be characterized as

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... n type. Total phenolic content of aqueous extract was 30.6 ± 1.1 mg GAE/g extract. Results of testing antioxidant potential of E. pumilio volatile oil and aqueous extract showed low antioxidant potentials as tested by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Results also showed low acetylcholinesterase inhibition potential of volatile oil and low to moderate potential of aqueous extract, as tested by Ellman method. Key words: Edraianthus pumilio (Schult.) A. DC., volatile oil, aqueous extract, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Ellman.