Background and aim: Abnormalities in lipid metabolism are very commonly observed in patients who were obese. Alongside dyslipidemia, one of the markers in predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease is the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), which is related to dietary intake. Healthy fat quality indices, including Atherogenicity (AI) and Thrombogenicity (TI) hypo/hypercholesterolemic ratio (h/H), the Cholesterol-Saturated Fat Index (CSI) and ω-3/ω-6 ratio might have effect on AIP. The purpose

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... of this study is to find the possible relationship between dietary fat quality, and AIP and comparison of these indices among obese and non-obese volunteers. Methods This study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic case-control study with 157 normal and overweight and obese volunteers (n = 71 normal vs n = 86 overweight and obese) in the age range of 18–65 years. Food intake, anthropometric indices, body composition, and lipid profile were measured. Results Based on the present results, higher but not significant biochemical parameters including TC (P = 0.580), TG (P = 0.362) and LDL (P = 0.687) and HDL (P = 0.151) among overweight/obese volunteers as compared to normal ones. Results of dietary fat quality showed significantly higher AI (P = 0.012) in the overweight/obese group as compared to normal group. Whereas, h/H (P = 0.034) and ω-6/ω-3 ratio (p = 0.004) were higher significantly in normal weight volunteers. There was a positive correlation between AI, TI, CSI, SFA, MUFA, PUFA and ω-6/ω-3 ratio with AIP and negative correlation between h/H with AIP in both groups. These correlations were significant just for the AI (cc = 0.859, p = 0.014), h/H (cc=-0.596, p = 0.033) and SFA (cc = 0.602, p = 0.043) in overweight/obese group and were significant just for the AI (cc = 0.701, p = 0.031) and h/H (cc=-0.710, p = 0.023) in normal group. Conclusions In summary, the present study suggest a direct relationship between dietary fat quality, increased BMI, and lipid abnormalities with AIP. However, further large-scale studies are needed to have a clear conclusion in this regard.